Chapter 22
Fungal Diseases
CONTENTS
I. CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
II. TECHNICAL NAMES
I. CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
- What is the difference between a mold and a yeast?
- How many fungal species so far reported?
- How many fungal species are involved in animal diseases?
- Explain what is mycosis
- What is a true fungal pathogen?
- Discuss the general changes associated with thermal dimorphism in fungi
- Are fungi saprobic in their natural habitat?
- Are fungi parasitic while in an animal habitat?
- What is thermal dimorphism?
- What is the estimated percentage for the incidence of ringworms in humans?
- Does thermal dimorphism increase virulence in pathogenic fungi?
- Is the human body tolerant to fungal infection? If not, explain.
- Name three pathogenic fungi
- List three categories of fungal infections in the human body
- Are vaccines available and effective? If not, why?
- What is the causative agent of the Ohio Valley Fever?
- What is its geographical distribution?
- Explain what is histoplasmin
- Why guano promotes the multiplication of this fungal species?
- How does this fungal species express in humans?
- See fig 22.7. Source of infection?
- How does it harbor inside macrophages?
- Major antibiotic to control histoplasmosis
- What does Coccidioides immitis cause?
- Explain why it is considered the most virulent of all mycotic diseases
- Draw a arhroconidia and what does it produce?
- How many cases are reported annually in the USA?
- What are the symptoms of this disease?
- How is coccidioidomycosis controlled?
- Who are more at risk of acquiring this emerging disease?
- See fig 22.8 and study the cycle
- How are skin tests performed on humans?
- What is Blastomyces?
- Causative agent of blastomyces
- Where does this fungal species inhabit?
- How do the spores of Blastomyses look like?
- What socio-ethnic-economic group is mostly affected by this species?
- What is the infectious dose for Blastomyces dermatitis?
- How is it controlled?
- Describe what is paracoccidioidomycosis?
- What is the causative organism?
- Where does it come from? (Geographical region)
- What type of medicines are used for its control?
- Describe what is sporotrichosis
- What is the causative agent of this disease?
- Explain where the fungi thrive
- Explain the disease lymphocutaneous sprorotrichosis
- Is it a rare infection?
- Is potassium iodine effective in controlling it?
- Role of heat in controlling this fungal pathogen
- What is chromoblastomycosis?
- Causative agent?
- This disease is usually confused with what other diseases?
- Explain therapy to control this fungus
- Explain the term phaeohypomycoses, what is it an oddity in medical science?
- Causative agent of mycetoma or madura foot
- List some diseases involved in cutaneous mycoses
- Explain the morphology of these pathogens
- List three important genera of fungi involved in dermal diseases
- Why some disease are called ringworm? (Is it a protozoa?)
- List various diseases caused by the genus Tinea
- What is candidiasis?
- Causative organism?
- Where does it occur/
- Explain what is vulvovaginal candidiasis
- What areas are more prone to infection by this fungal species?
- How is it diagnose?
- Is it an opportunistic pathogen?
- What is the therapy to follow?
- Can it be detected in a PAP smear?
- What is cryptococcosis?
- Causative agent?
- What are the symptoms?
- How is it controlled?
- Can it cause death?
- Can Aspergillus cause infection in humans?
- What is "fungus-balls"?
- Explain what are mucormycosis
- What is the causative agent of geotrichosis?
- What is this fungus do to humans?
- Explain what are mycotoxicoses
- Explain what are aflatoxins
- Are aflatoxins common?
- Actinomyces and Nocardia bacterial species, how do they mimic diseases caused by fungi? Two examples of diseases caused by them.
II. TECHNICAL TERMS
- Actinomycosis
- Aflatoxin
- Arthroconidia
- Black piedra
- Blastomycosis
- Candidiasis
- Coccidioimycoses
- Cryptoccosis
- Cutaneous candidiasis
- Dermatophytes
- Histoplasmosis
- Mucormycosis
- Mycoses
- Mycoses
- Ohio Valley Fever
- Onychomycosis
- Opportunistic fungal pathogen
- Primary pathogen
- Ringworms
- Rose-gardener's disease
- Spherules
- Thermal dimorphism
- Thrush
- True pathogen
- Vulvovaginal yeast infection
- White piedra
III. INTERNET SITES TO SEARCH
- Cryptococcosis
- Candidiasis
- Ringworm infections
- Histoplasmosis
- Blastomycosis