Chapter 20

Gram -ve Bacilli

Contents

I. Critical Thinking Questions
II. Technical Terms
III. Internet Sites to Search

I. Critical Thinking Questions

What kind of cell wall do these bacteria have?
What is a LPS?
Why the LPS causes problems to humans?
Explain the term 'septicemia' and its importance
List some bacterial genera of G- bacilli
Explain the role of 'lipid A' in disease
Where do Pseudomonas live and what do they colonize?
Do Pseudomonas have flagella and what type is it?
Can Pseudomonas grow in the absence of oxygen?
Explain why some species of Pseudomonas can change the color of the media
Is it possible that Pseudomonas can grow in one simple organic compound?
Explain why Pseudomonas causes problems in agricultural crops?
Role of Pseudomonas in food spoilage

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Where do they live?
Do they grow in soap? What measures would you consider to control this?
Where else do they grow (hospital setting)?
Will it grow on metal equipment? Explain why.
Does it cause nosocomial infections? If yes, which ones?
Will it produce meningitis?
List some diseases produce by this species
Explain the problem with contact lenses
What are the unsual characteristics of an infection by these bacteria?
Are there any multiple-drug resistance strains of this species?
List some antimicrobials used in treating diseases by this species

Brucella

List diseases caused by these bacterial genus
Describe their shape
What is the species that attack cattle?
What is the species that attack pigs?
How do they transmit to humans?
Portals of entry
Describe symptoms of brucellosis
Why is it essential to pasteurize milk?
Be sure to know what is pasteurization of milk or drinks

Francisella tularensis

What disease do they cause?
What is rabbit fever?
Is this disease transmittable to humans?
Portals of entry
Infectious dose
Is the infectious dose high or low?
Role of vectors in spreading disease
Length of the incubation period
Are these really one of the most infectious bacteria?
Do they live intracellurly or intercellularlly in humans?
Is there any vaccines developed for protection against these bacteria?

Bordetella pertussis

Are they encapsulated?
What disease do these bacteria cause?
Who discovered them?
Source of infection?
Explain the virulence factors of Bordetella
What is the standard measure of control?
Explain how is it administered

Legionella pneumophila

Why is it called legionellosis?
Are they cocci?
Explain their nutritional requirements
Name the media on which they grow
Where do they usually inhabit?
Is it a nosocomial infection?
Is it communicable from person to person?
List some symptoms of this disease
Explain what is the Pontiac fever
Age of males prone to legionellosis
Is legionellosis fatal?
How is it treated?
Explain the strange association between Legionella and Hartmanella
Does it respond to antibiotic therapy?
Why the control of Legionella is difficult?

Enterobacteriaceae

Where do members of this bacterial family usually are found in nature?
Size in microns
Do they produce spores?
Explain their role in normal flora
Explain when they cause disease
List some important pathogenic enterics
Define the term 'coliform'
Role of lactose in classification
Which of its species cause the major cases of nosocomial infections?
Which one follows as second?
Why so much research on methods of identification for enterics?
Describe MacConkey Agar medium and give an example of its use
What is TSI?
When do you consider using the Motility Test?
List the antigens on the exterior of these bacteria
Pathogenesis of enterics is due to what?
Explain chemical composition of HKO antigens
Which one is the H antigen?
Which one is the cell wall antigen?
Which one is the capsule antigen?

Escherichia coli

Why so famous and important these bacteria are in science?
Are these the most numerous in the gut?
If not, which species outnumber E. coli in the gut?
How many strains have been identified?
Name two toxins
How close are symtoms to those of cholera?
Explain what is the enterotube
Latest strain of this species is called:
Source of infection
Do these bacteria invade other sites of the human body? Which ones?
Name other bacteria present in the intestines of humans
Which one produces a red pigment
What is the name of this pigment
Diseases caused by Serratia

Salmonella

Explain role of Salmonella typhi
Which species is zoonotic?
List some characteristics of these bacteria
Difference between typhoid fever and typhus
Infectious dose of typhus is
What are the 4 F's?
Are these bacteria found in animals?
Explain how they cause food poisoning

Shigella

What does it cause?
Is it common in the USA?
What is the infectious dose?
Explain the difference between shigellosis and salmonellosis
How are they identified?

Yersinia

List the species that are zoonotic in humans
Why the species Y. pestis was so dreadful?
Where do species of this genus live?
Explain what is bubonic plague
Explain the virulent factors of this dreadful bacteria on humans
How is it spread?

Haemohilus influenza

What do they cause?
Why "flu"?
Difference between this species and meningococcus
Can meningitis be treated?, If yes, how?
Explain the type of vaccine available

II. Technical Terms

III. Internet Sites to Search

Salmonellosis
E. coli O:157:H7
Shigellosis
Meningitis