Chapter 17

Disorders in Immunity

Contents

I.   Critical Thinking Questions
II.   Technical Terms
III.   Search Internet Sites

I.    Critical Thinking Questions

  • Define autoimmunity
  • What is an immunodeficiency disease?
  • Define immunopathology
  • Difference between a graft and a transfusion?
  • Explain the term hypersensitivity
  • Give examples of allergies
  • Is contact dermatitis an allergy?
  • List the four states of hypersensitivity
  • Explain what is an endogenous antigen
  • Explain what is an exogenous antigen
  • Briefly list each one of the 4 types of hypersensitivities and explain differences among them
  • Estimated number of people suffering from hay fever in the USA
  • Estimated amount of dollars spent in treatment for hay fever in the USA/yr
  • Difference between predisposition and susceptibility
  • List common allergens
  • List 5 ingestant allergens
  • List 5 inhalant allergens
  • List 5 contactants allergens
  • Are proteins more allergic than carbohydrates, fats or nucleic acids?
  • Define what is a hapten?
  • How do hapten form complexes that can induce allergy?
  • Portals of entry of allergens into the human body
  • Explain in detail what is a sensitizing dose
  • Difference between sensitizing dose and provocative dose
  • Be sure to understand the physiology or mechanism of IgE-mediated allergies
  • Where are mast cells located?
  • Where are IgE located?
  • Why some cells degranulate?
  • Types of granules released when some cells are stimulated by allergens
  • Approximated number of receptors of cells for allergens
  • List the most important cytoplasmatic granules involved in allergies
  • What occurs when sensitized cells are challenged with allergen for the 2nd time?
  • Definition of a mediator
  • Which one is the most profuse and fastest-acting of the mediators?
  • What granule or mediator is responsible for wheal and flare skin reaction?
  • What is serotonin and its role in allergies?
  • List a characteristic of leukotrienes
  • Define platelet-activating factor and its effect on blood platelets
  • Roles of prostaglandins and bradykinins. How do they act?
  • What is an atopy disease?
  • Define allergic rhinitis, asthma and eczema
  • How can food and drugs cause allergy?
  • What antibiotic causes most of the allergies?
  • Are sulfas allergens to consider?
  • Can the fungus Penicillum from the environment cause an allergy?
  • Define anaphylaxis or anaphylatic shock
  • Explain what is systemic anaphylaxis
  • Differences between anaphylaxis and any atopic disease
  • What is an antihistamine?
  • Molecular basis between the different blood types
  • Draw an RCB and explain differences among blood types
  • Does type blood O has any carbohydrate attached to its receptor?
  • What is the D antigen or Rh factor?
  • Approximate number of RBC isoantigens also found in humans besides ABO and Rh
  • Explain what is an immune complex reaction
  • What does it cause in humans?
  • Read section on origins of autoimmune diseases
  • How do you think diabetes type I and II, and multiple sclerosis are originated?
  • What is lupus erythematosus
  • Why type IV reactions are called delayed reactions?
  • Role of tuberculin
  • Define contact dermatitis
  • Genus and botanical family to which poison ivy belongs to
  • Can a specimen of poison ivy prepared 100 years ago cause an allergy?
  • Explain mechanism how poison ivy active ingredient works on tissue
  • What is uroshiol?
  • Classes of grafts
  • Read on proposed mechanisms of cancer
  • What is the role of viruses in cancer?  

II.    Technical Terms

  • AIDS
  • Allergic rhinitis
  • Allergy
  • Anaphylactic shock
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Asthma
  • Atopy
  • Autoantibodies
  • Autoimmune disease
  • Benign tumor
  • Blood Type A
  • Blood Type
  • Blood Type B
  • Blood Type O
  • Blood Type AB
  • Bradykinins
  • Cancer
  • Contactant
  • Degranulation
  • Desensitization
  • Eczema
  • Endogenous antigen
  • Exogenous antigen
  • Graft
  • Granules
  • Histamine
  • Hyposensitization
  • Immunodeficiency disease
  • Immunopathology
  • Inflammation
  • Ingestant
  • Inhalant
  • Injectant
  • Kell blood group
  • Leukotriene
  • Lupus erythematosus
  • Malign tumor
  • Mast cells
  • Mediator
  • Metastasis
  • Mn blood group
  • Oncogene
  • P blood group
  • Platelet-activating factor
  • Poison ivy
  • Predisposition
  • Prostaglandins
  • Provocative dose
  • RBC isoantigens
  • Reagin
  • Rh factor
  • Rhus sp
  • Sensitizing dose
  • Serotonin
  • Skin testing
  • Ss blood group
  • Susceptibility
  • Transfusion
  • Tuberculin reaction
  • Universal recipient
  • Universal donor
  • Urushiol
  • Wheal and flare  

III.    Search Internet Sites

  • Immune hypersensitivity
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Asthma
  • Histamine
  • Blood types
  • Poison ivy