CHAPTER
12
Drugs, Microbes, Host Elements of Chemotherapy
Contents
I. Critical Thinking
Questions
History
What you should know on antimicrobial
drug groups
Causative microbial agents of
disease
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Helminths
- Viruses
II. Technical terms
III. Search related internet sites
- Antibiotics
- Antibiotic resistance
- Fluoroquinolones
- Bacterial infections
- Fungal infections
- Helminthic infections
- Viral infections
I.
Critical Thinking Questions
History
- Discuss the meaning of the Greek word Pharmakeutikos
- Be sure to know Robert Koch's postulates
- What was the contribution of Paul Ehrlich to chemotherapy?
- Explain what is "salvarsan"
- Contribution of Gerhard Domagk to chemotherapy
- How does a sulfa drug work in the human body?
- Describe how Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin
- What did Howard Florey and Ernst Chain prove?
What you should know on antimicrobial drug groups
- Mechanisms that explain how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics
- Source of penicillin
- How does penicillin work on bacteria?
- Draw the molecular structure of penicillin and indicate its major parts
- What are semisynthetic penicillins?
- List main penicillase-resistant penicillins
- What are the main differences between penicillin G and V?
- List 10 penicillin drugs and indicate their advantages and disadvantages
- What are cephalosporins?
- Draw the molecular structure of cephalosporins and indicate the major active site
- What is a beta-lactam antibiotic?
- What is the importance of Imipenem?
- What is the microbial source of aztreonam and what does it control?
- What is an aminoglycoside drug?
- Sources of aminoglycosidic compounds for chemotherapy
- Be sure to know the molecular components of an aminoglycoside
- Main properties of aminoglycosides
- Liste five aminoglycoside antibiotics
- Uses of tetracyclines
- Source of isolation of tetracyclines
- Discuss the molecular structure of tetracyclines
- Disadvantages of tetracyclines
- What is chloramphenicol?
- Source of isolation of chloramphenicol and erythromycin
- Why vancomycin is used only in the most serious cases?
- Correlation of vancomycin and an emerging intestine disease (consult)
- Source and mode of action of rifampin
- What kind of diseases are treated with rifampin?
- What antibiotics are isolated from Bacillus subtilis?
- What are sulfa drugs or sulfonamides?
- Mode of action of fluoroquinolones?
- Name the two principal fluoroquinolones and what do they treat?
- List the main 4 groups of agents to treat diseases caused by fungi
- Source of griseofulvin
- What is ketoconazole?
- Describe Flucytosine and what does it treat?
- What is quinine?
- List some synthesized quinolines
- How does antihelminthic drugs work in human body?
- List two antiprotozoan drugs
- List some antiviral chemotherapeutic medicines
- Mode of action of acyclovir
- What is AZT and on what does it work?
- Define interferon. Where is it produced?
- What does amantadine treat?
Causative microbial agents of disease (Learn by heart!!)
a. Bacteria
- Syphilis
- Meningitis
- Skin abscesses
- Tuberculosis
- Anthrax
- Leprosy
- Plague
- Tularemia
- Lyme disease
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Typhoid fever and salmonellosis
- Neocardiosis
- Strep throat
- Gangrene
- Tetanus
- Brucellosis
- Pertussis
- Gonorrhea
- Cholera
- What diseases does E. coli cause in humans?
- What does Mycoplasma cause in humans?
- A bacterial source of pneumonia is
- A bacterial source of dysentery is
b. Fungi
- Athlete's foot (2 genera))
- Ringworm diseases (consult)
- Candidiasis
- Valley fever
- Aspergillosis
- Blastomycosis
- Cryptococcosis
- Sporotrichosis
c. Protozoa
- Sleeping sickness
- Amebiasis
- Trichomoniasis
- Chaga's disease
- Malaria
- Giardiasis
- What protozoal agent causes dysentery?
- What protozoal agent causes pneumonia?
d. Helminths
- Ascariosis
- Tapeworm
- Schistosomiasis
e. Viruses
- Genital herpes
- Oral herpes
- Shingles
- AIDS
- Hepatitis A, B, C, D (consult)
II. Technical Terms
- Medical microbiology
- Prophylaxis
- Chemotherapeutic drug
- Antimicrobial chemotherapy
- Antibiotics
- Antimicrobics
- Narrow-spectrum
- Broad-spectrum
- Sulfonamides
- Competitive inhibition
- Metabolic analogs
- Synergism
- Antagonism
- Drug resistance
- R-factor
- Beta-lactamases
- MRSA
- Side effect
- Superinfection
- Flora
- MIC
- Enzyme
- Cofactor
- Substrate
- Spore
III. Search related internet sites
- Antibiotics
- Vancomycin
- Antibiotic resistance
- Fluoroquinolones
- Bacterial infections
- Fungal infections
- Helminthic infections
- Viral infections